C19

Know your readers
KEYS FOR SUCCESS
Know your readers
Promote your cause-not quarrel
Be reasonable
Be reasonable
Non debatable
Select a topic
Non debatable
Debatable
Personal experiences
Personal ideas
CHAPTER 19 PERSUADING READERS TO ACT
KEYS FOR SUCCESS
Know your readers
Promote your cause-not quarrel
Be reasonable
TOPICS TO CONSIDER
Personal experiences
Personal ideas
Communit concerns
National or international affairs
"No comment" topics
PERSUADING READERS TO ACT
Select a topic
Non debatable
Debatable
Choose and analyze your readers
Narrow your focus and determine our purpose
Generate ideas and support
Organize your thinking
Write your first draft
Share our essay
Revise
Edit/proofread
Prepare and publish essay
National or international affairs
PERSUADING READERS TO ACT
Select a topic
Non debatable
Debatable
Choose and analyze your readers
Narrow your focus and determine our purpose
Generate ideas and support
Organize your thinking
Write your first draft
Share our essay
Revise
Edit/proofread
Prepare and publish essay
"No comment" topics
Write your first draft
Share our essay
Revise
Edit/proofread
Prepare and publish essay

Chapter 18 Outline

Explore all positions
KEYS FOR SUCESS
Explore all positions
Go beyond pure opinion
Take a measured stance
Take a measured stance
Select and narrow a topic
Take stock
Get inside the issue
Refine your position
Traditional pattern
Current affairs
Blatent confession
Burning issues
Organize our development and support
Traditional pattern
Blatent confession
Delayed gratification
CHanged mind
Winning over
CHAPTER 18 TAKING A POSITION
KEYS FOR SUCESS
Explore all positions
Go beyond pure opinion
Take a measured stance
TOPICS TO CONSIDER
Current affairs
Burning issues
Dividing lines
Fresh fare
GUIDELINES
Select and narrow a topic
Take stock
Get inside the issue
Refine your position
Organize our development and support
Traditional pattern
Blatent confession
Delayed gratification
CHanged mind
Winning over
Write your first draft
Opening
Development
Closing
Title
SHare our position
Revise
Edit and proofread
Prepare and publish essay
Dividing lines
CHanged mind
Fresh fare
GUIDELINES
Select and narrow a topic
Take stock
Get inside the issue
Refine your position
Organize our development and support
Traditional pattern
Blatent confession
Delayed gratification
CHanged mind
Winning over
Write your first draft
Opening
Development
Closing
Title
SHare our position
Revise
Edit and proofread
Prepare and publish essay
Opening
Development
Write your first draft
Opening
Development
Closing
Title
Closing
Title
SHare our position
Revise
Edit and proofread
Prepare and publish essay

Suggested Topics for Persuasive Papers

Controversial Topics

• Abortion
• Advertising Ethics
• Affirmative Action
• Animal Rights
• Anti-Semitism
• Assisted Suicide
• Australian Aborigines
• Bilingual Education
• Bioethics
• Biotechnology
• Business Ethics
• Capital Punishment
• Censorship
• Civil Liberties and Anti-Terrorism Measures
• Class Action Lawsuits
• Cloning
• Conscientious Objectors
• Corporate Corruption
• Corporate Responsibility
• Creationism
• Dress Codes in School
• Drug Legalization
• Drug Testing
• Ebonics and Black English
• Endangered Species
• Environmental Ethics
• Euthanasia
• Evolution
• False Memory
• Female Genital Mutilation
• Foreign Aid
• Free Speech
• Freedom of the Press
• Gay Parents
• Gay Rights
• Gays in the Military
• Globalization
• Gun Control
• Harry Potter Controversy
• Hate Crimes
• Hate Speech
• Health Care Reform
• Holocaust Denial
• Holocaust Reparations
• Home Schooling
• Homelessness
• Illegal Immigration
• Insanity Defense
• Landmines
• Legal Drinking Age
• Maori People
• McCarthyism
• Media and Terrorism
• Media Images of African-Americans
• Media Images of Women
• Media in Wartime
• Medical Ethics
• Medical Marijuana
• Medical Malpractice
• Mental Health Policy
• Minimum Wage
• Miranda Rule
• Multiculturalism
• NAFTA
• Nuclear and Hazardous Waste
• Nuclear Disarmament
• Pharmaceutical Industry
• PLO
• Police Interrogation
• Political Ethics
• Pornography Debate
• Prescription Drug Reform
• Privacy
• Pro-Choice Movement
• Pro-Life Movement
• Right to Bear Arms (Second Amendment)
• School Violence
• School Vouchers
• Search and Seizure (Fourth Amendment)
• Separation of Church and State
• Sex Education
• Shakespeare Authorship Controversy
• Smoking Laws
• Social Security
• Standardized Testing
• Stem Cell Research
• Steroids
• Surrogate Motherhood
• Tax Reform
• Teenage Pregnancy
• Tibet
• Tobacco Industry
• Transracial Adoption
• Violence in the Media
• Whistleblowing
• Women in the Military
• Working Mothers
• Workplace Diversity
• Year Round School

Quotations References -- Explore for Starters

The Quotations Page - Your Source for Famous Quotes

Your source for quotations from famous people and literature. Search or browse over 22000 quotations from thousands of authors. Includes the popular Quotes ... www.quotationspage.com/ - 11k - Nov 8, 2005 - Cached - Similar pages Famous Quotes by Subject - Random Quotes of the Day - Famous Quotes by Author More results from www.quotationspage.com »

quoteland.com - Quotations on every topic, by every author, and in ...

Literary Quotations Beautiful quotations from works of literary art. Quotations by Author The master list of all authors quoted on this site. ... www.quoteland.com/ - 19k - Cached - Similar pages

Bartlett, John, comp. 1919. Familiar Quotations, 10th edition

Including over 11000 quotations, the first new edition of John Bartlett's corpus to be published after his death in 1905 keeps most of his original work ... www.bartleby.com/100/ - 20k - Cached - Similar pages

Bartlett's Familiar Quotations

Searchable quotations site, provided in electronic format by Project Bartleby at Columbia University. www.bartleby.com/ - 38k - Nov 8, 2005 - Cached - Similar pages [ More results from www.bartleby.com ]

Quotations for Creative Thinking

Quotations for Creative Thinking (Creative Quotations) lets you search 50,0000 famous quotations and provides biographical information (and quotes) for 3000 ... www.creativequotations.com/ - 20k - Cached - Similar pages

The Quotations Archive

A database of quotations. Contains a special section on love and marriage, useful for wedding toasts. www.aphids.com/quotes/index.shtml - 4k - Nov 8, 2005 - Cached - Similar pages

Mathematical Quotation Server

A collection of mathematical quotations culled from many sources. You may conduct a keyword search through the quotation database. math.furman.edu/~mwoodard/mquot.html - 6k - Nov 8, 2005 - Cached - Similar pages

Quotations in the Yahoo! Directory

Search sites featuring famous quotes, sayings, quips, phrases, and proverbs. Find quotes by a particular person, for a special occasion, or on themes such ... dir.yahoo.com/Reference/Quotations/ - 17k - Nov 8, 2005 - Cached - Similar pages

The Quotations Home Page

Quotations Home Page, containing approximately 25000 quotes in 30ish indexed collections. www.theotherpages.org/quote.html - 8k - Cached - Similar pages

Famous Quotations Network - Quotations, Quotes, Proverbs

A vast collection of searchable famous quotations and proverbs, sorted by categories and subjects, including authors biographies, and quotes citings, ... www.famous-quotations.com/ - 27k - Cached - Similar pages

General Form for Electronic References from apastyle.org

General Form for Electronic References

From the 5th Edition of the Publication Manual (© 2001)
Note: Some elements of the 5th edition's style guidelines for electronic resources differ from previously published guidelines.

Electronic sources include aggregated databases, online journals, Web sites or Web pages, newsgroups, Web- or e-mail-based discussion groups, and Web- or e-mail-based newsletters.

Online periodical:

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (2000).
Title of article. Title of Periodical, xx, xxxxxx.
Retrieved month day, year, from source.

Online document:

Author, A. A. (2000). Title of work.
Retrieved month day, year, from source.

Detecting Tutor's Hand in Applicant's Essay-- from NY Times

Detecting Tutor's Hand in Applicant's Essay -- from New York Times

By KATE STONE LOMBARDI

Published: November 2, 2005

It is the bane of college admissions officers: the highly polished, professionally edited personal essay that barely reflects the thinking or writing, let alone the personality, of a 17-year-old high school student.

"If it sounds like it was written by a 42-year-old attorney, chances are it was written by a 42-year-old attorney," said Lee Stetson, dean of admissions at the University of Pennsylvania.

Now colleges have a new tool to help them discern how much help students are getting on their applications: the SAT.

Since March, the SAT has included a 25-minute essay section. When reviewing an application, colleges can easily download the test essay from the College Board, obtaining a sample of the student's unedited writing. Many colleges say they plan to do so, at least in cases where there are questions about a student's writing aptitude.

In a survey of 374 top colleges and universities conducted by Kaplan, the test preparation company, 58 percent said they would use the SAT essay to evaluate whether students had received outside help on their application essays in cases where there appeared to be discrepancies in the applicants' writing levels. Thirteen percent said they would compare the essays for all applicants.

"What that is saying is, 'We know there are a lot of cooks in the soup on these application essays, and we want to make sure that the writing that you are able to produce on your own can keep up with that polished writing,' " said Jennifer Caran, national director for SAT and ACT programs for Kaplan.

Dan Saracino, the assistant provost at the University of Notre Dame, said that when the first batch of the March SAT's became available, he went online to look at the writing samples.

"I did compare the online written essay and the personal essay, and you can see the connection, and you can see when it's a forced style that's been taught by a tutor," Mr. Saracino said.

At Notre Dame, not every applicant's SAT essay will be reviewed, but the test may well be downloaded when there are questions about writing ability, Mr. Saracino said.

Given the volume of college applications, the two writing samples will not be routinely compared at most schools. But in an increasingly competitive market, the essays of borderline students are more likely to be reviewed.

"We will use them on an individual basis as we need to use them," said Marlyn McGrath Lewis, director of admissions at Harvard College. "If we wanted to get a better sense of how somebody actually expressed something in his or her own words, we certainly know where we could go to extend our understanding."

Harvard is aware that some applicants get much more help than others on their applications, Ms. McGrath Lewis said.

"At Harvard, we try very hard not to over-reward extra preparation," she said. "We try not to base the admissions decision on someone being the perfectly buffed-up applicant."

Margit A. Dahl, the director of undergraduate admissions at Yale, said the university had no intention of reviewing 20,000 SAT essays. But in instances where there is a question about writing - for example, if a personal essay is well written, but the writing score on the SAT is low - admissions officers may download the SAT essay.

"You can certainly tell if there are serious grammatical glitches in the essay that was written in 25 minutes, and that means that without help, this student has some real trouble with writing," Ms. Dahl said.

Some argue that comparing the two essays is unfair. A student has far more time to polish an application essay than to burnish a 25-minute response. But educators make the case that basic writing and organizational skills should be consistent between the two samples.

"Schools recognize that this is a first draft and not polished work," said Ms. Caran of Kaplan, a former English teacher. "They want to get a sense of the students' innate writing abilities, to understand the students' thought processes and ability to express themselves, and whether that expression of thought is compatible with what they are saying in the application."

Complex sentence structure, the proper use of advanced vocabulary and clear expression should all be consistent between the two samples, she said.

But even a student's work on an SAT essay can be coached, as Ms. Caran points out. Students can be taught how to write a persuasive essay under time pressure, using organizational tips and practice, she said.

But admissions officers say they can see through that, too.

"You can see the canned responses," said Mr. Saracino, of Notre Dame. "It doesn't take a rocket scientist to identify that this is a pat response that is a result of Kaplan."